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Amidst the escalating tensions in Guyana surrounding the border disputes with Venezuela, it is essential to gain a clear understanding of the terms “Referendum” and “Annexation”:
A Referendum is an official vote addressing a specific issue. In the context of Guyana and Venezuela, the focal point is a claim by Venezuelans that the Essequibo region in Guyana belongs to them. It is noteworthy that this matter was conclusively settled in an international court over a century ago. However, Venezuelans have initiated a referendum, seeking the direct participation of their people in voting, as part of an election.
Annexation, on the other hand, is a formal declaration by a state (Venezuela) asserting its sovereignty over a territory (Guyana) previously beyond its domain. Unlike cession, where territory is transferred through a treaty, annexation is a unilateral act established by actual possession and validated through general recognition.
For clarity, historical instances of annexation include Israel’s declaration when annexing the Golan Heights in 1981 and Russia’s annexation of the Ukrainian autonomous Republic of Crimea in 2014. Recognition of annexation by other states can be explicit or implied.
Venezuela’s actions seem geared towards asserting control over a significant portion of Guyana’s landmass, abundant in minerals, forestry, and recently discovered oil. It is imperative for Guyanese to resist being coerced out of what rightfully and legally belongs to them.
As a united people, we must stand in solidarity to safeguard our nation at all costs. Mere rhetoric is insufficient; concrete actions are needed. Securing the borders, educating and sensitizing the populace about the actual issues, and fostering a sense of militancy are crucial. To dispel tensions and speculations, we should be vigilant, ask questions, protect our families and homes, and rely on our own observations.
Essequibo is unequivocally ours, both by right and law. We must assert, “Not a blade of grass” shall be yielded.
