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In 1974, a United Nations (UN) resolution on the “Peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine” called for “two States,” Israel and Palestine … side by side within secure and recognised borders” together with “a just resolution of the refugee question. Since then, the idea of a two-state solution has been the main proposal for discussions for a peaceful solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
The concept of two separate states, Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace and security, has long been seen as the most viable path to a lasting resolution. However, recent developments have cast doubt on the feasibility of this solution. This article explores some of the factors that may have put an end to any prospects for such a solution.
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has deep historical, cultural, and emotional roots, with both sides claiming the same land as their rightful homeland. The issue is compounded, too, by a deep- seated spiritual component. Over the years, negotiations and peace processes – mediated by various international agencies as well as sovereign governments – have aimed to find a compromise that is acceptable to both sides. The two-state solution gained traction as a potential resolution of the problem. As things stand, most world powers continue to pay lip service to the two-state solution, even though – arguably – it may have been killed once and for all on October 7, when Palestinian militants poured into Israel from Gaza, and reportedly began to take Israeli hostages, among other hostilities. Of course, Israel is currently retaliating with unbelievable ferocity.
Before October 7, though, Several factors had already eroded the prospects of a two-state solution.
First is the issue of settlements. Israeli settlements in the occupied territories of Palestine have been established and expanded over time, making it increasingly difficult to set up a Palestinian State. The growth of settlements has led to the displacement of thousands of Palestinians. According to a United Nations report, some 1,100 Palestinians have been displaced by Israeli settlers in 2022 alone. That number applies to the West Bank. That is not a trivial number. The establishment of settlements has resulted in the entrenchment of Israeli control over disputed territories, thereby undermining the prospect of the establishment of a separate Palestinian State.
Additionally, the political landscape in Israel has shifted towards a more right-wing government led by Benjamin Netanyahu which has shown no inclination to support a two-state solution.
Security concerns and distrust on both sides have also played a huge role in undermining the prospect of a two-state solution.
Israel, now facing a major military incursion, intensifying security threats, and ongoing conflict, will certainly not concede anything. The fear of more potential violence and instability in a future Palestinian State has most probably killed any possibility of a viable two-state solution.
With the fading prospects of a solution, alternative proposals must – and probably will – emerge.
Finally, the two-state solution, once seen as the most viable path to peace in Israel, is now almost certainly dead. As such, it is imperative that the international community – and the combatants themselves – explore and propose alternative possibilities.
